The entropic brain model refers to the relationship between bottom-up and top-down processes in the brain. Bottom-up refers to new information that is processed without prior learning, while top-down refers to prior learning that organizes new information. The NeuroVizr™ process often utilizes bottom-up experience, but it is important to understand that both bottom-up and top-down processes are important and complementary in the brain. The entropic brain model also includes the concept of the anarchic brain, which refers to a leaderless state of exploration and discovery in primary consciousness. The idea that altered states of consciousness are abnormal is a common misconception; all altered states are normal and natural.